Argument: a reason or a set of reasons with the intent to either prove or disprove a specific idea
Conclusion: the ending claim that has been supported by the set of reasons in an argument and is proven to be true
Validity: If the premises are true, then the conclusion must be also be true
Sound Argument: sources and information are valid, credible, and everything makes logical sense, proving to be true
Deductive Argument: strong support and false conclusions are impossible
Inductive Argument: attempts to predict the future based off of past events
Fallacy: a fallacy is the use of an incorrect information for the purpose of invalidating an argument
Reality: the state of being as it actually exists, free of any biases or filters
Epistemology: the study of knowledge, specifically in methods, scope, and validity
Essence: a property or properties that make something what it is or it is not
Art: the use of human skills and imagination to produce a final, meaningful piece. Art is what makes us different from animals
Mimesis: the reflection of an object into art and other abstract forms, such as a lamp in a painting
Existentialism: the philosophical theory that highlights an individual person with freewill
Sentient being: Knowing you exist, or don’t
Methodological doubt: searching for truth but denying everything that doesn’t have concrete, rock hard, confirmed evidence
Rationalists: believing in knowledge from logic and reasoning
Memory: what we can recall of our life events, often distorted or not recalled accurately
Self: the image we create of ourselves out of our memories to form an identity
Fiction: something that is made up, most commonly referencing story books like Harry Potter, however this is an umbrella term for anything made up that has never happened
Illusion: a misinterpretation of the perceptions of the surrounding world
Metaphysical freedoms: the power to choose between different scenarios
Restricted volitional freedom: the power to get what an individual wants. This is also an example of metaphysical freedoms.
Practical freedoms: to have the power to act towards improving quality of life
Economic freedom: The power to trade currency for services and goods without government interference
Stories: This is how we define who we are as an individual, we use these, either by dismissing them or choosing to believe them, to pave a certain self image
Availability Condition: acting freely only if there is a chance to act otherwise.
Determinism: whatever happens, happens necessarily, and is a cause of a past effect. An example of this would be overeating at dinner, not due to free will, but because they had forgotten to eat all day
Indeterminism: The opposite of determinism, claiming that everything happens by chance and has nothing to do with the person preforming the act
Fatalism: The theory that everything is predetermined and based on fate
Wanton: one which has first order desires but not having second order volitions, however they still may have second order desires. A wanton does not care about their will and is indifferent as to whether or not first order desires are successful
